Jean Jacques Rousseau The Second Discourse Pdf Viewer
Jean Jacques Rousseau. I consider the subject of the following discourse as one of the most. Than with a view to throwing some. Rousseau had won the competition in 1750 with his First Discourse (on the Arts and Sciences). He failed to win a prize with this second discourse, but its publication brought him widespread praise, and an important place in history of philosophy.
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Aug 06, 2013Karl-O rated it liked it
'I have received your new book against the human race, and thank you for it. Never was such a cleverness used in the design of making us all stupid. One longs, in reading your book, to walk on all fours. But as I have lost that habit for more than sixty years, I feel unhappily the impossibility of resuming it.'
This was..more
Rousseau The Second Discourse
But not in a sinister way. Rousseau simply rejected the assumption that civilization was a boon to humankind. Civilization is a shackling chain to the free m..more
* Nice compilation of Rousseau's famous discourses
CONs:
* Brings nothing new to the table
I enjoyed both discourses, agreeing with the second more than the first, but finding the first more entertaining than the second. Rousseau goes off topic quite a bit, but even his off topic rants are interesting.
Rousseau First Discourse
Both have a very strong polemical tone, and Rousseau clearly sought to provoke his readers. In the first essay, he rails against the arts and sciences, and even more so against the self satisfaction of his time in surveying the progress in these two fields. In the second, he draws his ahistorical state of nature to..more
Obra fundamental para comprender la fundación y consolidación de la sociedad y como esta afectó al estado de naturaleza.
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
Already, Rousseau has idea that man is fundamentally good and that it is civilization that makes him bad. He up..more
Unless this is a joke (and it might very well be), this is horrible stuff.
The one thing of value I can find in here is 'beware of the dangers of new, misunderstood technologies,' a warning that has been uttered many times, in more convincing ways, by better thinkers.
The rest of this is pure rubbish. It is intellectually dishonest (he regularly misquotes his authorities, or misrepresents facts to back up his argument, which the editor finds interesting..more
**He praises nature and the ‘primitive man’ (French: l’homme sauvage), as if they themselves are devoid of property and self-consciousness (the latter of which in itself can be construed as very insulting, but likely quite reflective of the times).
**He seems to be favorable to the Bible and even says the spiritual texts are the only ones he nev..more
~ from On the Art of Poetry, by Horace
In this discourse, as a devil's advocate maybe, Rousseau goes against the popular current of his time to play the part of a conscience warning against the progress in arts and sciences as new luxury that corrupts morality, promotes inauthenticity, and disguise our state of slavery by creating new forms of dependence. A large portion is spent on analyzing the civilized, prideful, and affable man who possesses '..more
The Second Discourse Rousseau
Rousseau says that the wonderful things we get with modernism actually enslave us because we desire them so much. For Rousseau, man was content at an earlier poi..more
Y acá aclaro que éstos 'a..more
'The needs of the body are the foundations of society, those of the mind make it pleasant.' 36
'Peoples, know once and for all that nature wanted to keep you from being harmed by knowledge just as a mother wrests a dangerous weapon from her child's hands; that all the secrets she hides from you are so many evils from which she protects you, and that the difficulty you find in educating yourselves is not the least of her ben..more
Pero en el segundo discurso se pone mucho mas interesante y aunque creo que sus argumentos son muy debiles (simplemente se imagina como seria la vida de la humanidad en la naturaleza pero no tiene pruebas por ejemplo) son argumentos interesantes que me hicieron pensar.
Por ejemplo, a mas sofisticacion, mas artificiales somos, y mas infelices por no poder mostrarnos a los demas tal y como so..more
| Author | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
|---|---|
| Original title | Discours sur les sciences et les arts |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Geneva, Barillot & fils [i. e. Paris, Noël-Jacques Pissot] |
Publication date | 1750 |
| London, W. Owen, 1751 |
A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences (1750), also known as Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (French: Discours sur les sciences et les arts) and commonly referred to as The First Discourse, is an essay by GenevanphilosopherJean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality. It was Rousseau's first successful published philosophical work, and it was the first expression of his influential views about nature vs. society, to which he would dedicate the rest of his intellectual life. This work is considered one of his most important works.
Topic of the essay[edit]
Rousseau wrote Discourse in response to an advertisement that appeared in a 1749 issue of Mercure de France, in which the Academy of Dijon set a prize for an essay responding to the question: 'Has the restoration of the sciences and arts contributed to the purification of morals?' According to Rousseau, 'Within an instant of reading this [advertisement], I saw another universe and became another man.' Rousseau found the idea to which he would passionately dedicate the rest of his intellectual life: the destructive influence of civilization on human beings. Rousseau went on to win first prize in the contest and—in an otherwise mundane career as composer and playwright, among other things—he had newfound fame as a philosopher. Scholar Jeff J.S. Black points out that Rousseau is one of the first thinkers within the modern democratic tradition to question the political commitment to scientific progress found in most modern societies (especially liberal democracies) and examined the costs of such policies.[1] In the Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, Rousseau 'authored a scathing attack on scientific progress..an attack whose principles he never disavowed, and whose particulars he repeated, to some extent, in each of his subsequent writings.'[1]
Rousseau's account about his initial encounter with the question has become well known. Rousseau's friend Denis Diderot had been imprisoned at Vincennes for writing a work questioning the idea of a providential God. As he walked to the prison to visit him, Rousseau was perusing a copy of the Mercury of France, and when his eyes fell upon the question posed by the Academy of Dijon, he felt a sudden and overwhelming inspiration 'that man is naturally good, and that it is from these institutions alone that men become wicked'. Rousseau was able to retain only some of the thoughts, the 'crowd of truths', that flowed from that idea—these eventually found their way into his Discourses and his novel Emile.[1]
In his work Rousseau, Judge of Jean-Jacques, Rousseau used a fictional Frenchman as a literary device to lay out his intent in the Discourse on the Arts and Sciences and his other systematic works. The character explains that Rousseau was showing the 'great principle that nature made man happy and good, but that society depraves him and makes him miserable..vice and error, foreign to his constitution, enter it from outside and insensibly change him.' The character describes the Discourse on the Arts and Sciences as an effort 'to destroy that magical illusion which gives us a stupid admiration for the instruments of our misfortunes and [an attempt] to correct that deceptive assessment that makes us honor pernicious talents and scorn useful virtues. Throughout he makes us see the human race as better, wiser, and happier in its primitive constitution; blind, miserable, and wicked to the degree that it moves away from it. His goal is to rectify the error of our judgements in order to delay the progress of our vices, and to show us that where we seek glory and renown, we in fact find only error and miseries'.[1]
An example of one of 'those metaphysical subtleties' that Rousseau may have been referring to was the consideration of materialism or Epicureanism. Scholar Victor Gourevitch, examining Rousseau's Letter to Voltaire, notes: 'Although he returns to the problem of materialism throughout his life, Rousseau does not ever discuss it at any length. He chooses to write from the perspective of the ordinary course of things, and philosophical materialism breaks with the ordinary course of things. It is what he early called one of those metaphysical subtleties that do not directly affect the happiness of mankind'.[2]
The line with which Rousseau opens the discourse is a quote in Latin from Horace's On the Art of Poetry (line 25), which translates into: 'We are deceived by the appearance of right.'
Response[edit]
Rousseau anticipated that his response would cause 'a universal outcry against me', but held that 'a few sensible men' would appreciate his position. He holds that this will be because he has dismissed the concerns of 'men born to be in bondage to the opinions of the society in which they live in.' In this he includes 'wits' and 'those who follow fashion'. He maintains that those who reflexively support traditional thinking merely 'play the free-thinker and the philosopher', and had they lived during the age of the French Wars of Religion these same people would have joined the Catholic League and 'been no more than fanatics' advocating the use of force to suppress Protestants.[3] Oddly Rousseau, who claims to be motivated by the idea of bringing forth something to promote the happiness of mankind, sets most of humanity as his adversaries.[1]
Scholar Jack Black points out that this is because Rousseau wants his work to outlive him. Rousseau holds that if he wrote things that were popular with the fashionable and trendy, his work would fade with the passing of fashion, 'To live beyond one's century, then, one must appeal to principles that are more lasting and to readers who are less thoughtless.'[1]
Rousseau's argument was controversial, and drew a great number of responses. One from critic Jules Lemaître calling the instant deification of Rousseau as 'one of the strongest proofs of human stupidity.' Rousseau himself answered five of his critics in the two years or so after he won the prize. Microsoft xml free download. Among these five answers were replies to Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland, M. l'Abbe Raynal, and the 'Last Reply' to M. Charles Bordes. These responses provide clarification for Rousseau's argument in the Discourse, and begin to develop a theme he further advances in the Discourse on Inequality – that misuse of the arts and sciences is one case of a larger theme, that man, by nature good, is corrupted by civilization. Inequality, luxury, and the political life are identified as especially harmful.
Rousseau's own assessment of the essay was ambiguous. In one letter he described it as one of his 'principal writings,' and one of only three in which his philosophical system is developed (the others being the Discourse on Inequality and Emile), but in another instance he evaluated it as 'at best mediocre.'[4]
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Notes[edit]
- ^ abcdefJeff J.S. Black (January 16, 2009). Rousseau's Critique of Science: A Commentary on the Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts. Lexington Books.
- ^Todd Breyfogle, ed. (1999). Literary Imagination, Ancient and Modern: Essays in Honor of David Grene. University of Chicago Press.
- ^Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1973). The Social Contract and Discourses. G.D.H. Cole (trans.). Everyman's Library.
- ^Campbell (1975), 9.
References[edit]
- Blair Campbell. 'Montaigne and Rousseau's First Discourse.' The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 1. (Mar., 1975), pp. 7–31.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The Social Contract and Discourses. Trans. G.D.H. Cole. London: Everyman, 1993. Introduction referenced for general background.
External links[edit]
| Wikiquote has quotations related to: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences |
- Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, full text in HTML format, at the Online Library of Liberty.